COP31 is being shaped as an Implementation COP, designed to respond to one of the central challenges in global climate action today: closing the gap between multilateral commitments and real-world delivery. Building on the first Global Stocktake, which highlighted the continued distance between Paris Agreement targets and actual transformation on the ground, COP31 is intended to place implementation at the centre of the process and to turn pledges into practical outcomes, delivery mechanisms and action-oriented cooperation. As Incoming Presidency, Türkiye aims to position COP31 not only as a conference for dialogue, but as an action process that produces concrete results.
The COP31 Action Agenda is being developed on the basis of the strengthened Global Climate Action Agenda architecture, while also reflecting current global priorities, opportunities and needs. Its overall approach rests on three core principles: no duplication but complementarity, reinforcing existing initiatives; prioritizing implementation gaps by focusing on the most critical areas where policy ambition has not yet translated into measurable action; and inclusive ownership, by reflecting the priorities of countries at different levels of development and ensuring that no one is left behind. In this sense, COP31 seeks to provide an implementation-focused, inclusive and practical framework that can connect climate priorities with concrete action.
Within this framework, COP31 highlights ten priority areas. Across all of these pillars, finance, technology and capacity building are treated as horizontal enablers. The Action Agenda will continue to be shaped through a broad consultative process leading up to its formal announcement at the Bonn SB64 session in June 2026, with stakeholder engagement, partnership-building and clarification of concrete outputs forming the basis of its final structure.