Van Gölü

Surrounded by high mountains, this vast body of water lies in a natural basin formed by volcanic activity. Situated approximately 1,646 metres above sea level, the lake has saline and alkaline waters. This distinctive characteristic sets Lake Van apart from other lakes, while its unique ecosystem and seemingly endless blue expanse make it one of the region’s most prominent natural landmarks. Also known locally as “Van Denizi” (the Sea of Van), the lake sustains the settlements and natural life along its shores.

One of the most remarkable features complementing the beauty of Lake Van is its islands. Akdamar, Çarpanak, Adır and Kuş islands add historical richness to the lake’s natural landscape. The best known among them is Akdamar Adası, home to Surp Haç Kilisesi, commissioned by King Gagik I of Vaspurakan between 915 and 921. Notable for its exterior stone reliefs depicting biblical scenes, human figures and animals, the church is among the significant works of medieval architecture. Along the lake’s shores, Van Kalesi, dating back to the Urartian civilisation, and traces of historic settlements recall the region’s history spanning thousands of years.

Lake Van is remarkable not only for its size and scenery but also for its distinctive natural life. The pearl mullet, the only fish species living in the lake’s alkaline waters, migrates each year towards the streams flowing into the lake during its breeding season. This natural spectacle, as the fish swim upstream against the current, is one of the region’s most striking natural phenomena. At sunrise and sunset, the changing shades of blue across the lake combine with the surrounding mountains to create impressive landscapes. With its natural environment, islands and accumulated historical heritage along its shores, Lake Van is one of the most distinctive landscapes of Eastern Anatolia.