Zeugma

Founded in the 3rd century BCE following the campaigns of Alexander the Great, the city flourished during the Hellenistic period and became one of the major centres along the trade routes connecting East and West during the Roman Empire. Its strategic position on the Euphrates River contributed to Zeugma’s commercial and cultural development, transforming the city into a vibrant settlement where different cultures met.

One of Zeugma’s most remarkable features is its collection of mosaics that have survived from the Roman period. These works, which decorated the floors of wealthy residences, depict mythological stories, human figures, animals and natural scenes, rendered with exceptional craftsmanship. The city’s best-known work, the Çingene Kızı Mozaiği, is regarded as one of the symbols of ancient art for its captivating gaze and intricate details. Alongside the mosaics, wall paintings, sculptures and architectural remains provide valuable insights into the artistic sensibilities and everyday lives of Zeugma’s inhabitants.

Political and military changes over time affected the city’s development. In particular, the Sasanian attacks in the 3rd century CE marked a significant turning point in Zeugma’s history. Buried for centuries, the ancient city was brought to light again through modern archaeological excavations. Rescue excavations carried out during the construction of the Birecik Dam on the Euphrates River enabled numerous mosaics and historical artefacts to be documented and preserved.

Today, a significant portion of these works is exhibited at the Zeugma Mozaik Müzesi in Gaziantep. With its historical location, rich artistic works and cultural heritage, Zeugma is an important heritage site that helps us understand life in Anatolia during antiquity.